Cosmetology Education in the United States

Cosmetology education in the United States is in dire need of reform. Cosmetology students enter the industry to transform lives and make the world more beautiful—but often, they’re stuck in a system that prioritizes profit over education.

As evidenced by New America’s research, many programs leave students with poor training, high debts, and wildly low wages, all while receiving federal financial aid intended to boost cosmetologists into better, more-rewarding careers.

Often reinforcing this predatory system is the beauty industry itself: Many schools and their associations pursue limitations related to federal consumer protection rules and, at the same time, fight to fortify expensive and unnecessary state licensure requirements.

Ultimately, the beauty industry thrives on creativity and confidence. But behind the glamour, many students face heavy burdens, lots of debt, and low-quality programs. These dynamics result in an educational experience that, for most, falls short and leaves learners earning less than a living wage.

New America’s Higher Education team conducts research from the field and uses storytelling to uplift student experiences that expose predatory practices. We review data on programs that receive federal financial aid and investigate legal actions the beauty industry has taken over the years. By researching the history of these programs and raising awareness of these alarming policies, we are holding up a mirror—and holding institutions accountable.

Cosmetology students deserve better educational experiences and should have the tools needed to complete their programs and further their careers. Below is a compilation of our reports and analyses.