Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Vision
- Eight Policy Recommendations for Accelerating Progress
- 1. Realize a Seamless Early and Elementary Learning Continuum
- 2. Improve Systems to Better Attract, Prepare, Empower, Develop, and Retain High-Quality Educators
- 3. Develop Two-Generation Strategies to Engage Families
- 4. Embrace Children’s Language and Culture as an Asset
- 5. Put More Attention on Kindergarten and the Early Grades
- 6. Promote Efficiency and Coordination to Improve Outcomes for Children
- 7. Emphasize Continuous Improvement as the Goal of Data Collection
- 8. Secure Predictable, Sustainable, and Increased Funding for Children’s Earliest Years
Vision
We want America’s children to become lifelong learners who are able to think critically and inventively, regulate their emotions and impulses, and make smart decisions by drawing upon a rich knowledge base about how the world works. Realizing this goal begins with ensuring a seamless continuum of high-quality, easily accessible early education for all families. Here is what our vision looks like in practice, from the years of infancy and toddlerhood through pre-K and the early elementary grades:
Family support
- Paid family leave for all parents
- Evidence-based home visiting programs for eligible caregivers
- Families as partners in children’s child care, pre-K programs, and elementary schools
- Families empowered to facilitate positive interactions with their children and supported to ensure their economic security
Comprehensive services
- Children’s basic needs met, including stable housing, nutritious food, and physical and mental health care
Children age 0–2
- Free early care and education for families living in poverty and a sliding scale of affordable access for others
- High-quality early care and education in all settings, including center-based child care, home-based child care, and informal arrangements
Children age 3–4
- Universal, voluntary, and high-quality public pre-K opportunities for three- and four-year-olds in diverse settings
- Implementation of 3 practices and 3 policies indispensable for high-quality teaching and learning in pre-K:
- Practices
- Engage in positive interactions with children and their families, recognizing the strengths and diversity of their backgrounds
- Use learning trajectories in subject areas and domains, supported by effective curricula, to help meet learning and development goals
- Promote social development and self-regulation in ways that reflect an understanding of the multiple biological and environmental factors that affect behavior
- Policies
- Allocate increased, predictable, and sustainable funding to establish the conditions necessary for high-quality teaching and learning
- Provide educators with professional learning (pre-service and in-service) based on the 3 indispensable practices and aligned with those outlined in the Every Student Succeeds Act
- Use high-quality data to promote continuous quality improvement and better continuity from ages 0–3 to pre-K and pre-K to grades K–3
- Practices
Children age 5–8
- Smooth transitions from pre-K to kindergarten and each grade thereafter, including coordination of standards, curricula, assessments, data, learning environments, and professional development for teachers
- Universal full-day kindergarten, with length of day equivalent to first grade
All children in early and elementary learning settings
- Research-based practices that recognize the importance of emergent literacy skill-building and encourage students’ growth in content knowledge, oral language development, and early media literacy skills
- Greater access to high-quality STEM learning, including math instructors trained to build children’s and parents’ confidence in early math (while avoiding gender and racial stereotyping), as well as regular science courses and science practices designed for young children
- Attention to social-emotional development, executive function, and self-regulation
- Attention to individual needs, including dual language learners, children with disabilities, children from historically underserved populations, children from families with low incomes, and children who have experienced multiple traumas
- Appropriate and supportive discipline strategies
- Educators who understand how young children learn best and who create joyful learning experiences; have appropriate expectations; use strategies, materials, and assessments that best meet developmental needs; have access to instructional leadership that supports developmentally appropriate instruction
- Educators—teachers, caregivers, and program leaders—who reflect the diversity of the children and families they serve
The workforce
- High-quality degree programs and alternative pathways for early childhood educators that incorporate findings from the learning sciences and provide strong practical experiences
- Academic and social supports for early childhood educators pursuing credentials or degrees, including but not limited to courses offered in languages and at times based on their needs, supported by scholarships, mentors, tutors, child care, and transportation
- Well-prepared leaders—directors and principals—who promote appropriate learning environments and teaching
- Compensation on par with elementary school peers and supportive working conditions that provide time for planning and collaboration, professional learning, paid time off, and a culture of continuous improvement
Rethinking Early and Elementary Education
Many advocates, policymakers, educators, community leaders, and researchers now recognize that a strong start requires more than just a year of pre-K,* especially for children facing multiple risk factors. Research shows that children’s success starts with helping parents recognize the importance of loving interactions and conversations with their babies. It includes the provision of affordable, high-quality child care and continues with the immersion of children in nurturing, language-rich learning environments before and after entry into school, including pre-K and the early elementary grades. Developmental science shows that by age nine, when children have entered middle childhood, they are able to accomplish complex intellectual tasks, provided they had opportunities to build a good foundation in those first eight years. For public schools, rethinking early and elementary education means recognizing the role of the principal in supporting young learners, embracing young learners and their families in the school community, building relationships with early learning providers outside of the school, valuing professional learning and collaboration across grade levels and sectors, and striving for vertical alignment in areas including standards, curricula, assessments, and instruction before children enter kindergarten and as they traverse each grade level in elementary school.
* Some notes on terminology: We use “early education” to encompass the learning that happens in the birth-through-third-grade years, sometimes known as B-8, B–3rd, or P–3. As much as possible we will note specific age ranges or grade levels (birth-through-five or K–3, for example) when policies pertain to specific age spans. When we use “pre-K” as a stand-alone word, it is an abbreviation for pre-kindergarten settings. New America’s definition of a pre-kindergarten setting is one that employs trained teachers to lead educational experiences in a classroom or learning center for children who are a year or two away from kindergarten. This includes Head Start for three- and four-year-olds and many other programs known as “preschool.” Finally, we use the term “dual language learners” for children between the ages of birth to eight who are in the process of learning English in addition to their home language; this is often shortened to DLLs.