Appendix: Acronyms

CIA – U.S. Central Intelligence Agency

CSE – Canadian Communications Security Establishment

CTIVD – Netherlands Review Committee on the Intelligence and Security

DoD – U.S. Department of Defense

DRIPA – U.K. Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act

EDRi – European Digital Rights Initiative

FISA – U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

FISA Court – U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court

IC – Intelligence Community

IGIS – Australian Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security

INCLO – International Network of Civil Liberties Organisations

IOCCO – U.K. Interception of Communications Commissioner's Office

IPCO – U.K. Investigatory Powers Commissioner's Office

IPT – U.K. Investigatory Powers Tribunal

NSA – U.S. National Security Agency

ODNI – U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence

PCLOB – U.S. Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board

SIGINT – Signals intelligence