Additional Readings

For those interested in exploring this topic further, below is a curated list of additional readings below, separated by geographic or thematic focus.

Regional

• Accelerating AgTech: Australia’s Opportunity in Vietnam, Asialink Business and Beanstalk, 2021
• ASEAN Digital Masterplan 2025, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 2021
• ASEAN Guidelines on Public Service Delivery, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 2020
• Charting ASEAN's Digital Future: Emerging Policy Challenges, Singapore Institute of International Affairs, June 2022
• Data Connectivity in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Lurong Chen, 2020
• Digital Literacy Levels in ASEAN (Comparative Study on ASEAN Countries), Astrida Fitri Nuryani and Ayu Kusumastuti, October 2019
• Enabling Cross-Border Data Flow: ASEAN and Beyond, United Nations Development Programme, February 2021
• The Future of Work in the Mekong Subregion, Romina Bandura, Daniel F. Runde, and Janina Staguhn | Center for Strategic & International Studies, February 2021
• The Greater Mekong Subregion 2030 and Beyond: Integration, Upgrading, Cities, and Connectivity, Asian Development Bank, March 2021
• The Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program Strategic Framework 2030, Asian Development Bank, September 2021
• Meeting Asia’s Infrastructure Needs, Asian Development Bank, February 2017
• The Potential of Digital Infrastructure Financing: Fintech and Blockchain, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, August 2020
• Remittances as a Driver of Women's Financial Inclusion in the Mekong Region, United Nations Capital Development Fund, June 2017
• South-East Asia: A Hotspot in Great Power Rivalry, Linda Maduz and Simon Stocker | Center for Security Studies ETH Zurich, February 2021
• Southeast Asia Rising From the Pandemic, Asian Development Bank, March 2022
• Study on Connectivity Issues for Enhancing Coordination Among the Mekong-Lancang Countries, Mekong Institute, November 2020

Cambodia

• Benefitting from the Digital Economy: Cambodia Policy Note, World Bank, July 2018
• Cambodia Digital Economy and Society Policy Framework 2021-2035, Royal Government of Cambodia, May 2021
• Cambodia Digital Government Policy 2022-2035, Royal Government of Cambodia, 2022
• Cambodia’s Ecosystem for Technology Startups, Sopheara Ek and Paul Vandenberg | Asian Development Bank, June 2022
• Fostering an Inclusive Digital Transformation in Cambodia, Supporting Economic Transformation, July 2020
• Internet Impact Brief: Cambodia National Internet Gateway, Charles Mok and Adrian Won | Internet Society, February 2022
• On Government Intervention in the Digital Economy of Least-Developed Countries: The Cambodian Experience, Daravuth Rath Sithy | KAS Singapore & Digital Asia Hub, June 2021
• Pathways to Inclusive Digital Transformation, Clare Curran | United Nations Cambodia, March 2021

Laos

• Digital Connectivity in Lao PDR: Lagging Behind Peers, World Bank, February 2019
• Digitalizing Laos: Improving Government Transparency, the Business Environment, and Human Capital, Romina Bandura and Daniel F. Runde | Center for Strategic & International Studies, February 2022
• Lao PDR: Digital Maturity Assessment, UNDP, August 2022
• Lao PDR: Digital Opportunities for a More Competitive Future, World Bank, November 2019

Myanmar

• Myanmar Digital Economy Roadmap, Digital Economy Development Committee, 2019
• Myanmar: Investment Analysis and Implementation Options for Proposed Digital Government Project, World Bank, June 2018
• Myanmar's New Digital Strategy Improves ICT Development and Network Readiness, Oxford Business Group, 2020

Thailand

• Annual Report: Thailand Digital Outlook, Office of the National Digital Economy and Society Commission | Government of Thailand, December 2021
• Thailand Digital Transformation Survey Report 2021: The Impact of COVID-19, Deloitte, June 2021

Vietnam

• The Development of the Digital Economy in Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Vu Ha, December 2020
• Vietnam’s Future Digital Economy: Towards 2030 and 2045, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | Australian Government, May 2019
• Viewpoints and Goals of National Digital Transformation Program, Ministry of Information and Communications | Socialist Republic of Vietnam, December 2020

Geopolitics

• Building Blocks for a New U.S. Posture on Digital Development—from Bilateral Response to Multilateral Coordination, Kay McGowan and Priya Vora | Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, January 2022
• China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Five Years Later, Jonathan Hillman | Center for Strategic & International Studies, January 2018
• China Is Accused of Exporting Authoritarian Technology. But the West Has Done So, too, More Covertly, Ausma Bernot | The Conversation, October 2021
• China’s Digital Silk Road and the Global Digital Order, Richard Ghiasy and Rajeshwari Krishnamurthy | The Diplomat, April 2021
• How China Turned Off the Tap on the Mekong River, Brian Eyler | Stimson Center, April 2020
• Tech Companies Slowly Shift Production Away From China, Tripp Mickle and Daisuke Wakabayashi | New York Times, September 2022

Technology

• 2021 Digital Public Goods Alliance Report, Digital Public Goods Alliance, December 2021
• Beyond Scale: How to make your digital development program sustainable, Digital Impact Alliance, December 2017
• Bridging the Digital Divide, Sulina Kaur, John Low, Damien Dujacquier | Roland Berger, February 2021
• Can Digital Public Goods Deliver More Equitable Futures? | Reimagining Development in Asia and the Pacific Foresight Brief, UNDP Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific | United Nations Development Programme, August 2022
• The Case for Digital Public Infrastructure, Ethan Zuckerman | Knight First Amendment Institute, January 2020
• Co-developing Digital Public Infrastructure for an Equitable Recovery, Liv Marte Nordhaug and Kevin O'Neil | Rockefeller Foundation, July 2021
• Fast-Tracking Development: A Building Blocks Approach for Digital Public Goods, Anit Mukherjee and Shankar Maruwada | Center for Global Development, September 2021
• Foundational Digital Infrastructures for Inclusive Digital Economies, Monetary Authority of Singapore, 2021
• Freedom on the Net 2022: Countering an Authoritarian Overhaul of the Internet, Adrian Shahbaz, Allie Funk, and Kian Vesteinsson | Freedom House, October 2022
• Open Source in Government: Creating the Conditions for Success, Emma Gawen, Emily Middleton, Angie Kenny, Anna Hirschfeld, James Stewart | Public Digital, June 2021