Appendix: List of Interviews Conducted

Bryan Cook, PhD, Vice President of Data and Policy Analysis, APLU

August 7, 2019

Andrew Magliozzi, CEO, AdmitHub

August 27, 2019 and December 12, 2019

Amelia Parnell, PhD, Vice President for Research and Policy, NASPA

September 18, 2019

Jeffrey Meece, EdD, Vice President of Strategy, Mongoose

October 25, 2019

Jamie Riepe, Chief Revenue Officer, SignalVine

October 29, 2019

Marty Major, Director of Partner Success, Gecko Engage

October 28, 2019

Eric Stoller, Vice President of Digital Strategy, Gecko Engage

October 28, 2019

Caroline Altman-Smith, Deputy Director of Education, The Kresge Foundation

November 6, 2019

William Moses, Managing Director of Education, The Kresge Foundation

November 6, 2019

Jeff Mutimer, Vice President of Marketing, SignalVine

November 21, 2019

Jeannine Sato, Director of Communications, Duke University

November 25, 2019

Chris Hopkins, Chief Strategy Officer, Ready Education

November 26, 2019

Benjamin Castleman, PhD, Associate Professor, University of Virginia and Director, Nudge4Solutions Lab

December 11, 2019

Tracy Gale, Communications Manager of Information Technology, University of Florida

December 12, 2019

Tiffany Mfume, PhD, Assistant Vice President for Student Success and Retention, Morgan State University

December 16, 2019

Shannon Brady, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Wake Forest University

December 20, 2019

Lindsay Page, PhD Associate Professor of Research Methodology, University of Pittsburgh

December 20, 2019

Lynn Brabender, Assistant Director of Office of Urban Initiatives, APLU

January 30, 2020

Samantha Levine, Learning Collaborative Manager of Office of Urban Initiatives, APLU

January 30, 2020

Elizabeth Adams, PhD, Associate Vice President of Undergraduate Studies, California State University, Northridge

February 12, 2020

Lynn Brabender, Assistant Director of Office of Urban Initiatives, APLU

March 2, 2020

Jamie Schnur, Director of Higher Education Support Services, Hobsons

March 3, 2020

Catherine See, Starfish Account Manager, Hobsons

March 3, 2020

Timothy Renick, PhD, Senior Vice President for Student Success, Georgia State University

March 6, 2020

Carol Cohen, Assistant Vice President for University Advisement, Georgia State University

March 20, 2020

Lindsey Fifield, Chatbot Project Director, Georgia State University

March 20, 2020