China’s Strategic Thinking on Building Power in Cyberspace

The following post consists of an introduction by Paul Triolo and Graham Webster, followed by a collaborative translation by Elsa Kania, Samm Sacks, Paul Triolo, and Graham Webster.

Introduction

By Paul Triolo and Graham Webster

With
the 19th Party Congress coming next month and the 4th Chinese-convened World
Internet Congress (WIC) soon to follow, China’s digital policy authorities this
month held a publicity-filled Cybersecurity Week, and the Party’s leading journal on theory, Qiushi, published an important article from a previously unknown
entity under the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC).

The
article, which a team of analysts has translated in full below, outlines the
major elements of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s strategic thinking on one of
Chinese cyberspace policy’s watchwords: 网络强国 (wǎngluò qiángguó). It’s a pithy formulation in Chinese
that can be translated as “cyber superpower,” or “building China into a
national power in cyberspace,” and the strategic concept attached to it ties together
a series of concepts and initiatives that Xi has pushed in major speeches and
the Chinese government has moved to enact.
The
CAC “Theoretical Studies Center Group,” apparently making its debut here, draws
on the legitimacy of its Xi-established parent organization and the special
status of the journal Qiushi to
provide an authoritative synthesis of recent strategic thinking, attributed to
Xi, on how to take China from being a cyber power to being a cyber superpower—a
goal that implies rough parity with the United States. This comes as U.S.–China
cyberspace dialogue continues in a piecemeal fashion across several official
channels, although a dedicated dialogue on “law enforcement and cybersecurity”
announced in April (and alluded to in the article below) has not yet met.

According
to the CAC authors, China’s strategy calls for developing capabilities and
governance capacity in four major baskets: managing Internet content and
creating “positive energy” online; ensuring general cybersecurity, including
protecting critical information infrastructure; developing an independent,
domestic technological base for the hardware and software that undergird of the
Internet in China; and increasing China’s role in building, governing, and
operating the Internet globally. The essay’s authors outline this wide-reaching
set of goals under the unifying banner of that four-character phrase, wǎngluò qiángguó.

The
essay also sets the stage for what will likely be consequential new
pronouncements by Xi at next month’s 19th Party Congress on the topic of
cyberspace. Before, during, or shortly after the Party Congress, Xi is almost
certain to expand on the proposition, unveiled at the WIC in 2015, that it is
necessary to build a “community of shared destiny in cyberspace.” That speech
also included Xi’s proposal of the “Four Principles and Five Propositions” on
cyberspace (see appendix), key guideposts in the Chinese government approach to
global cyber issues. The emerging legal and regulatory framework for Chinese
cyberspace, with the Cybersecurity Law that went into effect June 1 at its
center, can already be viewed as progress toward implementing the cyber
superpower strategy described here.

Now,
the Chinese government is on the verge of further advancing another aspect of
this strategy: operationalizing the concept of cyber sovereignty at an
international level. An Action Plan associated with the March International
Strategy for Cooperation in Cyberspace alludes to China’s plans to push for
further cooperation on cyber issues internationally. In that context, as
cyberspace policy dialogue moves forward internationally, CAC’s Theoretical
Studies Center Group below provides an important guide to Xi and the Party
leadership’s overall agenda on these issues and where to look next for Chinese
leadership on cyberspace issues. 

Translation: “Deepening
the Implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Strategic Thinking on
Building China into a Cyber Superpower: Steadily Advancing Cybersecurity and
Informatization Work”

By: Theoretical Studies Center Group, Cyberspace Administration of China

Source:
Qiushi, September 15, 2017,
http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2017-09/15/c_1121647633.htm

Translated
by: Elsa B. Kania, Samm Sacks (Center for Strategic and
International Studies), Paul Triolo (Eurasia Group), and Graham Webster (Yale
Law School Paul Tsai China Center)

*Note:
A selection of important terms marked with an asterisk are further explained in
the Appendix below.

Core
points:

• The strategic thinking behind
  General Secretary Xi Jinping’s concept of building China into a cyber
  superpower is a product of the combination of the basic principles of Marxism
  and the practice of Internet development in China under the new historical
  conditions. It is also an important part of Party Central’s new concepts, new
  thinking, and new strategy for governing the country. General Secretary Xi’s
  strategic concept of building China into a cyber superpower constitutes a
  scientific summary and theoretical refinement of the path to socialist
  governing of the Internet with Chinese characteristics. It is an ideological
  guide and follow-on action path to lead the development of the cybersecurity
  and informatization industries, and for the development of global Internet
  governance. It contributes Chinese wisdom* and provides the China Program,*
  reflecting the obligations and responsibilities of the leaders of a great
  power.
• Cybersecurity and informatization
  are a single body with two wings, the two wheels of a single drive, and require
  unified planning, unified deployment, unified promotion, and unified
  implementation. We must thoroughly implement the important speeches and
  instructions of General Secretary Xi; strengthen planning and coordination on
  major issues related to Internet content, cybersecurity, informatized
  development, and the international governance of cyberspace; and establish the
  “four beams and eight pillars”* of cybersecurity and informatization work.
• Online public opinion work has
  become the most important task of propaganda and ideological work. The online
  and offline worlds must form concentric circles, and, under the leadership of
  the Party, mobilize the people of all nationalities, mobilize all aspects of
  enthusiasm, to jointly realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and
  the struggle for the China Dream. We are resolute that positive energy is the
  overall requirement, and keeping things under control is the last word
  (管得住是硬道理).
  Online positive publicity must become bigger and stronger, so that the Party’s
  ideas always become the strongest voice in cyberspace.
• Without cybersecurity there is no
  national security; without informatization there is no modernization. From a
  global perspective, cybersecurity threats and risks are increasingly prominent,
  and they increasingly penetrate into political, economic, cultural, social,
  ecological, national defense, and other areas. We must adopt as a guide the
  proposal to “set up the correct view of cybersecurity” as put forward by
  General Secretary Xi Jinping to use security to protect development, use
  development to promote security, and build a solid cyberspace security shield.
• The network and information
  industries represent a new productive force, and a new direction of
  development, and it should also be able to take the first step on the basis of
  the practice of the new development concepts. At present, China’s economic
  development has entered into a new normal, and the new normal must have a new
  impetus. We use informatization to cultivate new kinetic energy, and use the
  new kinetic energy to promote new development, giving full play to the impact
  of information technology on economic and social development, so that hundreds
  of millions of people have more of a sense of sharing in the results of
  Internet development.
• General Secretary Xi has
  proposed  the “four principles”* to
  promote changes to the global Internet governance system and the “five
  propositions”* for constructing a community of common destiny in cyberspace,
  and has contributed the China Program and Chinese wisdom for promoting global
  Internet development and management. At present, cyberspace has become a new
  field of competition for global governance, and we must comprehensively
  strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in cyberspace, to push
  China’s proposition of Internet governance toward becoming an international
  consensus. 
• If our party cannot traverse the
  hurdle represented by the Internet, it cannot traverse the hurdle of remaining
  in power for the long term. We must firmly establish political consciousness,
  overall consciousness, core consciousness, a sense of unity, the clear-cut
  strengthening of the leadership of the Party, the promotion of construction of
  the rule of law, the construction of teams of qualified personnel,
  strengthening party-building in the cybersecurity and informatization domain,
  and providing a strong guarantee for building China into a cyber superpower.

Since the 18th Party Congress, Party
Central with Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to
cybersecurity and informatization work and has taken perfection of the Internet
management leadership system as one of the 60 reform tasks established by the
Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee—establishing the Central
Cybersecurity and Informatization Leading Small Group and planning and
coordinating important issues of cybersecurity and informatization in various
domains. General Secretary Xi’s foresight and grasp of major trends has been
closely linked with China’s Internet development and management practices. He
has put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies,
systematically elaborating on the major theoretical and practical problems of
cybersecurity and informatization development and forming a rich, profound,
scientific, and systematized body of strategic thinking on building China into
a cyber superpower.

The strategic thinking of General
Secretary Xi on building China into a cyber superpower is a product of the
integration of the basic principles of Marxism and the governance practice of
China’s Internet development under new historical conditions, and is an
important constituent part of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies of
Party Central in governing the country. General Secretary Xi’s strategic
concept of building China into a cyber superpower constitutes a scientific
summary and theoretical refinement of the path to socialist governance of the
Internet with Chinese characteristics. It is an ideological guide and follow-on
action path to lead the development of the cybersecurity and informatization
industries, and for the development of global Internet governance. It
contributes Chinese wisdom and provides the China Program, reflecting the
obligations and responsibilities of the leaders of a great power. In the past
five years, under the guidance of Secretary General Xi’s strategic thinking on
building China into a cyber superpower, cybersecurity and informatization work
has been carried forward steadily, and the top-level design* and the overall
structure have been basically established. Online positive energy is more
powerful, the main theme is more exalted, cyberspace is getting clearer by the
day, and national cybersecurity shielding is being further consolidated, while
the role of informationization-driven and -led economic and social development
is highlighted, and the masses of people have more of a sense of sharing in the
results of Internet development. China’s cyberspace international right to
speak (话语权) and influence have significantly improved,
and significant achievements have been gained in cybersecurity and
informatization development.

1. Strengthen overall planning, coordination,
and top-level design. Promote the formation of a new “game of chess” pattern
for cybersecurity and informatization work

General Secretary Xi Jinping has
emphasized: cybersecurity and informatization are each one of two wings, the
two wheels of a single drive, requiring unified planning, unified deployment,
unified promotion, and unified implementation. We are thoroughly implementing
and fulfilling the spirit of the important speeches and instructions of General
Secretary Xi Jinping; strengthening overall planning and coordination for
network content, cybersecurity, informatization, and international governance
of cyberspace, and other major issues; and establishing the “four pillars” of
cybersecurity and informatization work.

Strengthen
overall planning and coordination of cybersecurity and informatization work.
Since the establishment of the Cybersecurity and Informatization Leading Small
Group and its Office—facing the problems of multi-headed management, functional
intersections, varying powers and responsibilities, and “nine dragons managing
the flood” (九龙治水)—we have
strengthened the centralized and unified leadership and coordination of
cybersecurity and informatization work, together planning and together
deploying cybersecurity and informatization work, establishing a sound
coordination mechanism for the work of leading small group members and units,
from ministry-level coordination meetings and special topic coordination
meetings to daily working-level liaison meetings, and other multi-aspect
mechanisms. We have strengthened overall planning and coordination in the
management of online content construction, cybersecurity, informatization
development, and other aspects, creating a powerful force to promote
cybersecurity and informatization work.

Accelerate
the introduction of strategic planning for cybersecurity and informatization. Adhere
to the preceding strategic planning, focusing on the major development trends
of the information revolution, based on the overall situation of the Party and
national development, formulating and introducing the “National Informatization
Development Strategy,” “National Cyberspace Security Strategy,” and over 90
strategic and institutional documents, so that top-level design and strategic
planning are basically completed.

Improve
the mechanisms for cybersecurity and informatization work.
Accelerate the reform of the Internet management leadership system. After more
than three years of efforts, the central, provincial, and municipal three-level
cybersecurity and informatization management work system has been initially
established, with some provinces’ and cities’ cybersecurity and informatization
offices extending toward the county-level, establishing and perfecting
mechanisms for supervision over major project consultation, important matters,
and major decision-making, such that the new “game of chess” pattern for
cybersecurity and informatization work has been basically established. 

2.
Strengthen the construction and management of online content, and build
concentric circles online and offline. 

General Secretary Xi has emphasized
that online public opinion work must be taken as of the utmost importance to
propaganda and ideological work. We must establish online and offline
concentric circles under the leadership of the Party, to mobilize the people of
all nationalities, to mobilize all aspects of enthusiasm, jointly striving for
the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the China
Dream. As of the end of 2016, our nation had 730 million Internet users, and
the number of websites reached 4.82 million. Hundreds of millions of Internet
users are accessing information on the Internet and exchanging information, and
this has an important impact on channels for knowledge, styles of thinking, and
value concepts. We are resolute that positive energy is the overall requirement,
and keeping things under control is the last word. Online positive publicity
must become bigger and stronger, so that the Party’s ideas always become the
strongest voice in cyberspace.

Improve
and innovate in positive propaganda online. Adhere
to the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of important speeches
and the Party Central’s new concepts, new thinking, and new strategy as of the
utmost importance in online propaganda. Strengthen project planning, innovate
dissemination methods, make sure the spirit of Xi Jinping’s series of important
speeches firmly occupy the first page and first headlines on Internet
platforms, correctly guiding online public opinion. Revolving around the
overall situation of the Party and national work, launch the “1,000 days of
deep restructuring,” etc., series of major propaganda themes, carefully
organize propaganda in the online environment, publicize achievements, and
conduct typical propaganda. Implement the online theoretical dissemination
project, the China Dream practitioners online communication project, and the
online literary and artistic creation communication projects, in order to
cultivate an active and healthy online culture. Use the international Internet
to tell a good story of China, expanding online international communication to
more than 200 countries and regions and more than 1 billion overseas users,
further improving the online content landing rate.

Resolutely
prevent and control online risk. At present, the
trend of the transmission of all kinds of social risks to cyberspace is
evident, and the Internet has become a transmitter and amplifier of a variety
of risks. We must grasp the characteristics and laws of the online public
opinion struggle, establish and improve online risk prevention mechanisms, and
steadily control all kinds of major public opinion; dare to grasp, dare to
control, and dare to wield the bright sword; refute erroneous ideas in a timely
manner, comprehensively clean up online rumors, violent videos, and other
harmful information; significantly improve public sentiment detection,
discernment, and response capabilities; and effectively safeguard national
political security.

Enhance
the guidance of online public opinion.
Starting from the overall situation of the party and the state, effectively
propagandize achievements in reform and development and economic livelihood and
propaganda and provide policy interpretation on the economic situation.
Alleviate doubts and boost confidence. Actively use new technologies and new
applications to effectively guide the progression of online public opinion,
grasp the evolution and laws of the online public sentiment, prevent hot issues
from involving the economic and social livelihood of the people, and prevent
mass incidents and public opinion from becoming online ideological patterns and
issues. Play an important role in cyber comments and public opinion guidance,
and make cyberspace cleaner.

Strengthen
the comprehensive management of the online ecosystem. Comprehensively
utilize legal, administrative, technical, and other means. Comprehensively
strengthen cyber ecological management. Strengthen responsibility of management
departments in their areas, and basic website responsibility. Elevate the level
of scientization and standardization in work. Improve rapid and coordinated
response mechanisms for illegal and regulation-violating information and
websites. On issues where netizens display intense concern, improve reporting
mechanisms. In 2016, authorities 
received nearly 40 million reports, and the rate of effective management
of harmful information was 92 percent or greater. Implement online projects for
the dissemination of outstanding Chinese culture and projects to build online
virtue. Use the socialist core value system ​​to ensure cohesion of
the people and nourish society. Deepen work on “Clean and Clear (清朗),”
“Protecting the Young (护苗),” and the other 20 special actions
to create a positive cyber ecosystem for the masses.

3.
Construct a cybersecurity assurance system; forcefully safeguard national
cyberspace security and interests　　

General Secretary Xi Jinping has
pointed out: Without cybersecurity there is no national security, and without
informatization there is no modernization. From a global perspective,
cybersecurity threats and risks are increasingly prominent and increasingly
penetrate political, economic, cultural, social, ecological, national defense,
and other domains. We have adopted the proposal to “set up the correct view of
cybersecurity” put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping to protect
development with security and support security with development, and to
construct a solid shield for cyberspace security.

Strengthen
the protection of critical information infrastructure security.
In the areas of important industries, such as finance, energy, electricity,
communication, transportation, and so on, which are integral to economic and
social operation, it is necessary to carry out thorough investigation and
troubleshooting of risks for the protection of critical information
infrastructure security, to guard against risks, and to improve the protection
level for critical information infrastructure. Formulate and launch the Measures for a Network Products and Services
Security Review (draft), establish and improve the cybersecurity review
mechanism, and effectively safeguard cybersecurity and the legitimate rights
and interests of the people.

Enhance
situational awareness and emergency response capabilities. For
increasing cybersecurity situation sensing, incident analysis, tracking and
traceability, as well as rapid recovery capabilities after suffering an attack,
revise the National Cybersecurity
Incident and Crisis Plan, improve mechanisms for cybersecurity monitoring
and early warning and response, monitor and engage in early warning for major
cybersecurity events in real time, enhance cybersecurity emergency command
capabilities, and properly manage a series of major cybersecurity events.

Firm
up the foundation of cybersecurity work.
Formulate and implement Some Opinions on
Strengthening National Cybersecurity Standardization Work, and issue over 30 national standards for cybersecurity.
Revise and improve the Internet Domain
Name Management Methods, optimize the management of IP addresses, domain
names, and site records. Convene the National Cybersecurity Week activities,
directly involving hundreds of millions of Internet users, and improve the
broad masses of people’s cyber security awareness and skills.

Protect
the people’s and masses’ online rights and interests.
Adhere to the concept of cybersecurity for the people and cybersecurity relying
on the people; regulate Internet companies and institutions on the collection,
use, and cross-border transfer of personal information. Deepen and initiate
special governance actions regarding search engines, navigation websites, etc.
Take strong measures against personal information leaks, telecommunications
fraud, and other illegal and criminal activities. 

4.
Give full play to the leading role of
informatization; make the Internet bring greater benefit to society and serve
the people

As General Secretary Xi has pointed
out, the network and information industries represent a new productive force,
and a new development direction, and they should be the first step in the new
development concept. At present, our country’s economy has entered a new
normal, and the new normal needs a new vitality. Taking informatization, we can
cultivate a new energy, and use that new energy to promote new development,
giving full play to informatization for economic and social development,
allowing hundreds of millions of people even more access to the common
development achievements of the Internet.

Accelerate
indigenous innovation of core technologies in the information field.
With eyes on the goal of seizing the high ground of information technology
systems development, advance high-performance computing, quantum
communications, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, core chips,
operating systems, and other cutting-edge technological research. Increase
investment in integrated circuits, basic software, and industrial control
software, etc. Obtain breakthroughs and unceasingly narrow the gap with
developed countries in high-performance computers, quantum communications, 5G
mobile, etc., becoming a global leader in all fields.

Vigorously
develop the digital economy. Give informatization a role as an
essential factor in increasing production rates, expanding new space for
economic development, advancing coordinated development of the Broadband China
strategy, and the Internet Plus Action Plan, etc. Promote the deep integration
of the Internet and real economies, accelerate the digitalization of
traditional industry. In Zhejiang Province China has set up a national
information economy demonstration zone. In Tianjin and 12 other cities the
government has established cross-border e-commerce pilot zones. Actively
implement the Big Data Strategy. In Guizhou, Shanghai, etc., the government has
established national big data comprehensive pilot zones. Promote the healthy
development of big data centers and cloud services. At present, the size of our
country’s digital economy has leapt to number two in the world, becoming an
economic growth engine and bright spot, and bringing new economic and social
development opportunities.

Make
the Internet and information industry both big and strong. Persist in coordinating the
development of support with that of rules (坚持鼓励支持和规范发展并行), in the simultaneous
development of policy guidance with laws and supervision, creating a favorable
market environment for the development and building of the Internet. The global
influence of Internet companies like Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu, Huawei, etc., is
on the rise. One after the other, many innovative and vital Internet companies
have emerged, playing an important role in promoting stable growth and
employment, and benefitting the people. In 2016 on a global list of top 20
companies by market value, Chinese companies occupied seven slots.

Make
information services more convenient and beneficial for the people. In
line with people’s expectations and demand, accelerate the popularization of
informatized services. Across 27 provinces and 100,000 administrative villages,
the government is carrying out broadband construction and upgrading. The level
of Internet infrastructure is rising. Thoroughly promote “Internet Plus for
government services,” build the national e-government overall plan coordinated
mechanism, and carry out the healthy development of e-government. Accelerate a
new type of smart city construction, coordinating departments and borders (加强新型智慧城市建设部际协调). Organize and launch new-type smart city evaluation work. For the first
time, two smart city standards have become international standards. The
government has carried out five large projects using the Internet for targeted
poverty alleviation.

Promote
the deepened development of military-civilian integration for cybersecurity and
informatization. Carry out cybersecurity and
informatization military-civilian integration demonstration projects. Deepen
innovation of the cybersecurity and informatization military-civilian
integration system and policies. Accelerate the launch of building major
cybersecurity and informatization military-civilian integration. Support the
launch of Beidou indigenous chip research and development and global use, and
integration of military natural resources. Gripping fingers to make a fist (握指成拳),
and integrating into synergy, with great effort, advance the military to serve
the people, and the people to prepare the military.

5.
Taking the Four Principles and the Five Propositions (“四项原则”“五点主张”)
as the guide, strengthen our country’s international voice (话语权)
and influence　

General Secretary Xi has, on many important international occasions,
expounded upon international Internet governance theory and, in particular, has
raised advancing the Four Principles of global Internet governance system
transformation and the Five Propositions of building a cyberspace community of
shared destiny. He has contributed Chinese wisdom and the China Program to
advancing the development of global Internet governance. At present, cyberspace
has already become a new field in global governance. Taking General Secretary
Xi’s Four Principles and Five Propositions as the guide, we must
comprehensively strengthen cyberspace international exchange and cooperation,
advance China’s propositions on governing cyberspace toward becoming an
international consensus, and raise China’s cyberspace international right to
speak and influence.

Deepen participation
in and influence over international Internet governance processes. The International
Strategy of Cooperation in Cyberspace comprehensively introduced China’s
relevant policy positions. Deepen cyber cooperation with the United Nations,
the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the BRICS. Actively advance the
internationalization of Internet name and digital address allocation,
unceasingly expand the common understanding of the development of Internet
governance, and continuously deepen cooperation. For the first time, the
digital economy has become a theme of the G20 summit. China’s G20 Digital Economy Development and
Cooperation Proposal was an innovative achievement of the summit.

Strengthen self-directed (以我为主) governance platform building. Establish the World Internet Congress. Through thought
exchange, technology exhibits, trade cooperation, and concentrated shared
knowledge, obtain great achievement. Successfully build an international
platform that is interoperable between China and the world, and a China
platform that shares common governance with the international Internet, advance
global Internet governance system change, and play an active role in building a
cyberspace community of shared destiny.

Deepen cyberspace
international exchange and cooperation. Strengthen China-U.S. cyberspace-related exchanges and
dialogues. Controlling differences and promoting consensus, work with U.S.
Internet companies and think tanks to strengthen joint activities and successfully
conduct China-U.S. Internet forums and high-level China-U.S. expert meetings on
international cyberspace rules, etc. Deepen China-Russia cyberspace
cooperation, implement bilateral head-of-state joint announcements and relevant
work. With Europe, launch digital economy cooperation, successfully hold
China-Europe, China-U.K., and China-Germany Internet-related forums. Serve Belt
and Road Initiative construction, begin to develop Internet and information
cooperation with Belt and Road countries, the China-ASEAN Information Port (东盟信息港), China-Arabia Digital Silk
Road Ningxia Hub project (宁夏枢纽工程), etc. Accelerate the building of major projects, with results
increasingly emerging.

6. Strengthen the Party’s
leadership of cybersecurity and informatization work, provide a strong
guarantee of building a national power in cyberspace

As Secretary General Xi Jinping has emphasized, if our Party cannot
traverse the hurdle represented by the Internet, it cannot traverse the hurdle
of remaining in power for the long term. We
firmly set up awareness of the need to uphold political integrity, keep in mind
the bigger picture, follow the Party as the core, and act consistently with
strengthening Party leadership. Push forward the building of cybersecurity and informatization
legislation and human capital, and strengthen Party leadership in building the
field of cybersecurity and informatization, while providing a powerful
guarantee for building a national power in cyberspace.

Strengthen Party
leadership of cybersecurity and informatization work. Persist in taking as an important duty the study of
implementing the spirit of Secretary General Xi’s important speeches.
Strengthen Party member and cadre study and practice of Secretary General Xi
Jinping thought on building a national power in cyberspace. Resolve to
safeguard Comrade Xi Jinping as the core of Party Central Committee authority.
Safeguard the Party Central Committee’s concentrated and centralized
leadership. Guide numerous Party member leaders and cadres in studying,
understanding, and using the Internet. Cybersecurity and informatization
leading small groups in all regions have a duty to defend the country, to do so
conscientiously, and to coordinate implementation of regional cybersecurity and
informatization work. Give full play to the role of workers, youth, women, and
other groups. Strengthen the role of industry, experts, and think tanks,
bringing together the force of all society to push forward the work of
cybersecurity and informatization. 

Comprehensively push forward cyberspace
rule of law. Implement the requirement of
governing cyberspace according to law; advance control of cyberspace according
to law, management of cyberspace according to law, and cyberspace use according
to law (依法管网、依法办网、依法上网). With the Cybersecurity Law as
the foundational law for the field of cybersecurity and informatization, push
forward Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in
Criminal Cases such as Telecommunication Network Fraud, and other laws that have come out, making the force of laws
extend for use in cyberspace. Revise the Internet
News Information Service Management Regulations. Enact the Interim Provisions on the Development and
Management of Information Services for Instant Messaging and other urgently
required preceding documents. Perfect the enforcement mechanism for the
cybersecurity and informatization legal system. Establish coordinating work
mechanisms for the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the
Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Industry and
Commerce, and 12 other departments involved in administration and enforcement.
Severely investigate and handle all kinds of online illegal information and
activities.

Accelerate
cybersecurity and informatization workforce building. Carry out plans for selection and cultivation of cybersecurity
and informatization leading talent, high-end talent, next-generation experts,
and specialized talent, establishing a premier cyberspace security discipline.
Grant 29 universities with doctorate authorization for the cyberspace security
discipline and set up national cybersecurity talent and innovation bases.
Perfect expert advisory systems. Accelerate building of cybersecurity and
informatization high-end think tanks. Provide cybersecurity and informatization
work with strong and intelligent support.

Strengthen Party
building in the field of cybersecurity and informatization. Pay close attention to ideological and political construction,
educating and guiding Party members in strengthening the “Four Awarenesses,”
and being steadfast in ideals and beliefs. Firmly develop Party mass line
practical teaching exercises and “Three strict three real” (“三严三实”) specialized teaching. Push forward the normalization and
systematization of “Two studies one action” (“两学一做”) learning and education.
Strictly carry out “One position two responsibilities” (一岗双责) requirements. Earnestly
fulfill comprehensive and rigorous management of the Party’s responsibilities. Regarding online management and governance capability, refer to
the 900 remaining risks. Set up and perfect relevant system mechanisms,
earnestly put discipline and rules at the forefront, with great effort create a
devoted, clean, and responsible cyber and informatization cadre force.